It amuses me how the C standard tells you which parts are forward references: http://t.co/qiJRCYthLv . The document matches the language!
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Bril is a cute intermediate language for teaching (think simplified LLVM IR): https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~asampson/blog/bril.html
The idea of providing a standard JSON format to help students write basic passes is really elegant.
Difftastic has been cited in a paper!
Modernizing SMT-Based Type Error Localization https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.09034
The authors use difftastic to work out which parts of a buggy program have actually changed, a great use case :)
I'm a huge fan of Swift's 'Error Handling Rationale' design document: https://github.com/swiftlang/swift/blob/9315673c003875158852579bd1f33480cdec5461/docs/ErrorHandlingRationale.md#fundamentals
It carefully defines terminology and compares with other languages, so you can understand Swift's position and preference in the design space.