Emacs trivia: the list of buffers used to be exposed to elisp as buffer-alist. It's now C-only because it's a footgun if you mutate it.
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Microsoft is writing a PHP parser that handles error recovery well, and the internals docs are really accessible.
It includes a discussion of handling trivia and even some sample parsing code.
Emacs trivia: if you don't move the cursor, it blinks ten times, then stops (new in 24.4). Courtesy of this config:
Python trivia: x+(1+1) is faster than x+1+1 because the former bytecode can be optimised. The latter cannot because x may have __add__.