Impressively, you can even tell typed racket that your lists have certain lengths, and it can skip bounds checks! https://docs.racket-lang.org/ts-guide/optimization.html#(part._.Lists)
miniblog.
Related Posts
Benchmarking the cost of array bounds checks in Rust code: https://blog.readyset.io/bounds-checks/
The author even patches rustc to make sure *all* bounds checks are gone, in order to compare the performance!
Emacs support for Java is improving by leaps and bounds. The last time I was doing paid Java work I had to drive a headless Eclipse from Emacs!